Marble

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Marble

The term "Marble" is derived from Latin word "Marmor" which itself comes from the Greek root "Marmaros" meaning thereby a shining stone.
Technically marble is a recrystallised, compact variety of metamorphosed limetone capable of taking polish. Commercially, marble is any crystalline rock composed predominantly of calcite, dolomite or serpentine, having 3-4 hardness, which can be excavated as blocks and can be sawed and takes good polish.

Amongst the building stones, marble occupies a unique position. Since time immemorial, marble has been used in temples, mosques, palaces, monuments etc. as an ornamental and decorative stone because of its pleasing colours, attactive patterns and designs.

On the basis of mineralogical composition the marble deposits of Rajasthan can be grouped as calcitic, dolomitic and serpentine marble. Makrana, Serwa-Perwa, Paloda etc. are calcitic whereas those of Tripura Sundari and Rajnagar are dolomitic. Green marble of Keshriaji (Udaipur) and Dungarpur is serpentine marble. Babarmal marble is silicious, calcitic marble.

Geographical Distribution

Rajasthan is the richest state in the country with regards to marble deposits both in quality and quantity. The state is most important centre (Mandi) of marble processing in the country with about 95% of the total processing units. Rajasthan possesses large reserves of about 1100 million tonnes (M.T) of good quality marble. The important marble deposits are :

Nagaur : Makrana, Borawad (white), Chausira, Dungri, Paharkuan (pink), Kumari, Ulodi, Pink Range, Kala Nada Talab.

Jaipur : Bhainslana, Kotputli, Andhi, Raisala, Nimla, Todi Ka Bas.

Alwar : Jhiri, Rajgarh, Dadhikar, Badampur, Kho, Baldegarh, Moti-Dungari, Malana, Goverdhanpura

Dausa : Dagota.

Jaislamer : Moolsagar, Amarsagar, Badabag, Habur, Sipla, Jethwai, Narpia.

Rajsamand : Kotri, Amet, Morwad, Agaria, Parvati, Morchana, Kelwa, Vani, Saprav Ka Guda, Thodi Nijharana, Talai, Umti, Jhanjer, Arna.

Pali : Bar-Sendra, Diyana, Khiwandi, Sarangwa, Kantatiya, Sarangwa, Kundal, Dujara.

Banswara : Vithaldev, Tripura Sundari, Kotharia, Khema-Talai, Bhanwaria-Talai, Oda-Bassi, Bhimkund, Prithvipura, Paloda.

.Udaipur : Babarmal, Devimata (Pink), Rikhabdev, Odwas, Masaron Ki Obri, (Green), Darauli, Tidi, Jaspura, Paduna, Manpur, Lohagarh, Sarvadi, Modi Chipala (White), Kela Kuan (Black).

Bundi : Umar, Pagara.

Sirohi : Selwara, Iderla, Perwa-Serwa, Khandra, Deri, Morthala, Ajari.

Dungarpur : Sabla, Nandili-Dad (calcitic), Peeth, Manpur, Dachki, Rohanwara, Mal-Surata (Green Serpentinitic).

Ajmer : Sursura, Narwar, Kali-Dungari, Torka, Ladpura, Roopnagar, Saradhana, Kekri, Umaria, Sawar, Ganeshnagar.

Sikar : Kela-Dungari (Maonda), Patan.

Jodhpur : Pachori, Chadi, Au, Moriya-Munjasar, Indolai Ki Dhani.

Bhilwara : Jahajpur, Sarankhera, Kanti, Munjras, Panchanpura, Malola, Pansel, Manohargarh, Asind, Banera, Shahpura.

Chittaurgarh : Mandal Deh.

Churu : Dunkar, Charla, Bidasar.

Makarana Albeta	Makarana Doongari	Makarana Kumari	Fany Brown Churu

Andhi Indo	Andhi Modern Art	Jaisalmer Yellow

Bhainslana Black	Jhiri Onyx	Rampura Black	Fancy Green Bidasar

Keshariyaji Sea Green	Olive Keshariyaji	Agaria	Morwar

Chemical Properties of Marble:

Marble Area	CaO	MgO	SiO₂	Fe₂O₃	LOI
Jhiri, Alwar	26-33	21-25	0.01-3.18	0.73-1.01	40-47
Tripura Sundari, Banswara	32	23-24	<=23.4	0.200.84	42-44
Mandaldeh, Chittaurgarh	35.92	3.01	18.52	2.93	33.18
Sandwa, Churu	31-37	13-22.6	<=6.44	0.12-0.26	45-46
Dungarpur	48.18	2.04	10.75	1.13	35.55
Bhainslana, Jaipur	48-54	2-4	1-3	1.5-3	35-45
Phalodi, Jodhpur	39.03	9.36	8.70	0.48	42.83
Makrana, Nagaur	50-56	0.8-1.8	0.33-1.20	0.10-0.28	34.8-43.2
Rajnagar	30-33	16-25	0.01-7.6	0.12-0.95	36-44
Sirohi	51.49	0.90	8.52	0.54	39.36
Keshariyaji, Udaipur	18.56	21.29	31.51	5.33	21.82
Babarmal, Udaipur	20.79	2.21	14.35	0.28	24.00

Technical Information of Marble
Technical Details	Water Absorption, % by weight	Density, bulk specific gravity	Modulus of rupture, N/mm²		Compressive strength N/mm²		Abrassion resistance to wear		Flexural strength, N/mm²
ASTM/ Indian Standard	C-97	C-97	C-99		C-170		IS 1237 Guidelines		IS 4860 Guidelines
Area			Dry	Wet	Dry	Wet	Avg. Wear mm	Mxm. Wear mm
Makrana	0.04	2.68	14	16	88	81	3.1	3.2	16
Andhi Indo	0.05	2.68	13	11	130	109	6.6	6.8	11
Andhi Modern art	0.08	2.68	14	17	94	114	3.8	4.1	16
Jhiri Onyx	0.06	2.68	9.00	8	142	108	5.5	5.7	8
Agaria, Rajnagar	0.06	2.84	17	16	106	102	4.0	4.2	15
Morwad, Rajnagar	0.04	2.84	12	13	111	80	3.1	3.2	13
Keshariyaji Green	0.07	2.66	42	35	286	194	1.1	1.2	35
Bidasar	2.38 - 2.43	2.55 - 2.47	19 - 24	13 - 20	138 - 114	83 - 81	1.45	1.6	12 - 20
Phalodi	0.64	2.62	15	21	212	116	2.0	2.2	20

Classification

Marble has been classified into 10 groups by Bureau of Indian Standards (Indian Standard Institute i.e. ISI) (IS 1130-1969) on the basis of colour, shade and pattern. Rajasthan is the most fortunate state where all the 10 groups specified below are occurring :

1. Plain White Marble	2. Panther Marble
3. White Veined Marble	4. Plain Black Marble
5. Black Zebra Marble	6. Green Marble
7. Pink Adanga Marble	8. Pink Marble
9. Grey Marble	10. Brown Marble

Processing of Marble

A large number of processing centres have been developed in the state at Makarana, Jaipur, Alwar, Ajmer, Udaipur, Nathdwara, Rajsamand, Morchana, Amet, Abu Road, Kishangarh, Banswara, Chittaurgarh, Sirohi etc. where more than 1100 gangsaws and 50 automatic tiling plants are in operation. A large number of tiny units are also working.

Nodal Officer: B. L. Swarnkar
Additional Director (Administration), Phone: 0294-2414072

Co-Nodal Officer: P. K. Bhatnagar
Suptdg. Geologist (Remote Sensing)